Materi Conditional Sentence Lengkap, Jelas dan singkat (STAN, TOEFL dan PERSENTASI)
CONDITIONAL SENTENCES
A. Pengertian Conditional sentence adalah kalimat pengandanan atau
kalimat bersyarat yang memiliki dua klausa, yaitu: main clause dan if clause.
Susunan kedua kalusa ini tidak mempengaruhi arti.
Contoh:
If l have a
lot of money, I will buy a car sama dengan I will buy a car if I have a lot of
money. (Jika saya punya banyak uang, saya akan beli mobil)
Faktanya:
mungkin saya akan membeli mobil = perhaps I'll buy a car.
B. Bentuk Conditional Sentences
Conditional
atau pengandaian memiliki tiga bentuk:
1.
Possibility (Conditional type 1)
Pengandaian
ini menyatakan sesuatu yang mungkin terjadi pada waktu mendatang ataupun
sekarang jika syarat kondisi tertentu terpenuhi.
Rumus : If
+ S + v1 s/es , S +[will, can, may, must] + V1/be (simple form)
Contoh: If I
have money. I will buy a new car.
(Jika saya
punya uang. saya akan beli mobil baru)
Means: There
is possibility for me to buy a car
(Ada
kemungkinan buat saya untuk beli mobil)
2. .
Unreal Present (Conditional type 2)
Pengandaian
ini menyatakan sesuatu yang bertentangan dengan apa yang ada/ terjadi sekarang.
Rumus: If
+ S + V2,were , S + [would, could,might] + V1/be
Contoh:
·
If l had time, I would go to the beach with you this
weekend.
(Jika saya
ada waktu, saya akan pergi ke pantai dengan kamu akhir pekan ini)
Means: l
don't have time so I don't go to the beach this weekend. (Sekarang saya tidak
punya waktu makanya saya tidak pergi ke pesta ahkir pekan ini).
·
He would tell you about it if he were* here
(Dia akan
mengatakan jika dia berada disini, artinya karena dia tidak ada di sini, dia
tidak mengatakannya / because he is not here, he dows not tell you about it)
Untuk If
clause dalam bentuk ini hanya to be were
yang dipergunakan untuk semua subjek.
If pada
conditional type 2 ini dapat dihilangkan yaitu dengan penggunaan pola inversi
Rumus : Were
+ S + adj/noun.....,S + (would,could,might) + V1/be
Contoh :
Were I john,
I would not forgive you = If I were john, I would not forgive you.
( kalau saja
saya john saya tak akan memaafkanmu, kenyataannya saya bukan john jadi saya
memaafkanmu/ I am not john so I forgive you).
3. Unreal
Past (Conditional type 3)
Pengandaian
ini menyatakan sesuatu yang bertentangan dengan apa yang tam terjadi (Iampau).
Rumus:
If + S +
had V3, had been, S+would, could, might, should+ have +V3/been
Contoh:
If we had
known that you were there, we wouId have written you a letter.
(Jika kita
tahu kalau kamu disana, kita akan tulis surabuntuk kamu)
Means: We
did not know that you were there so we did not write you a letter. (Kita tidak
tahu kalau kamu disana makanya kita tidak menyurati kamu)
Bentuk
inversi (tanpa 'IF“) untuk pola ini adalah:
Had+ S +
V3..., S + would, could, might, should + have + V3/been
Contoh:
Katimat di
atas bita ditulis pola inversi menjadi:
Had we known
that you were there, We would have written you a letter.
( Jika kita
mengetahui kalau kamu disana, kita akan menulis surat buat kamu )
C. Conditional Sentences Tanpa If
1. If Clause
pada Conditional sentences tidak harus dimulai dengan If. Kata-kata lain yang
mempunyai makna setara adalah:
‘on
condition that' (dengan syarat bahwa), ”provided that (asalkan), dan ‘unless’
(kecuali jika).
2. If juga
bisa dihilangkan dengan menggunakan inversi atau susunan balik. Bentuk inversi
ini hanya bisa digunakan pada kalimat pengandaian tipe 2 yang memiliki to be
‘were’ dan kalimat pengandaian tipe 3.
Contoh:
·
We shall go if we have enough money
(Kita akan
pergi jika kita punya cukup uang)
·
We shall go on condition that we have enough
money.
( kita akan
pergi jika kita punya uang )
We shall
not go unless we have enough money.
(Kita tidak
akan pergi kecuali jika punya cukup uang)
·
If she were sick, she could not soive the problem
(Jika dia
sakit, dia tidak bisa memecahkan masalah)
·
Were she sick. She could not solve the problem
(Jika dia
sakit, dia tidak bisamenyelesaikan masalah)
·
If we had had enough time. We should have gone to the
beach.
( Jika kita
punya cukup waktu, kita bisa pergi ke pantai )
·
Had we had enough time, we should have gone to the beach.
Sumber : Tim
instruktur EIN-STAN Academy
Mudah kan, tinggal soalnya disini
LATIHAN SOAL CONDITIONALS SENTENCE (UNTUK TOEFL, STAN DSB)
LATIHAN SOAL CONDITIONAL SENTENCE
1. Andre : Did you
join the trip last holiday?
Firdaus : If my
father had given me permission, I would have joined it.
From the dialogue we know that............
A. Firdaus joined the trip
B. Andre didn’t join the trip
C. Firdaus really wanted to join the trip but he did’t
D. Andre wanted Firdaus to join the trip
E. Firdaus father permitted him to join the trip
2. You didn’t forget your appointment, did you ?......., I
might have forgotten it.
A. If tom hadn’t reminded me
B. Had Tom reminded me
C. If Tom didn’t remind me
D. When Tom didn’t remind me
E. Even if Tom reminded me
3. If I miss the math class, I don’t feel sorry, for .......
anyway
A. I don’t have to study math
B. It is not easy an object
C. The class is too big
D. I don’t like it
E. The teacher is very smart
4. It rained very hard this morning., but mother didn’t have
an umbrella with her. We may conclude...
A. If she had an umbrella, she did not get wet
B. If she had an umbrella, she could not get wet
C. If she has an umbrella, she will not be get wet
D. If she had an umbrella, she would not be wet
E. If she had had an umbrella, she would not have been wet
5. “Because you didn’t help us, we couldn’t finish on time.”
Means..........
A. We could finish on time if you help us
B. Have you helped us, we could have finished on time
C. We couldn’t have finished on time If you wouldn’t help us
D. We could have finished on time If you had helped us
E. We can finish on time If you can help
6. If I had’t quarrelled with john,I could have gone to the
party with him.
It can be concluded that.............to the party.
A. Perhaps I will go with jonh
B. John promised to go with me
C. I didn’t go with john
D. John would like to go with me
7. “If I had known you needed a camera for you project, I
could have lent you mine.”
“Oh........”
A. Thanks a lot for the camera
B. I didn’t know you had a camera
C. I’ll borrow it from you then
D. Thanks, its an excellent camera
E. I’ll soon return it
8. if
Angga had chosen to play football instead of going to Puncak with his friends
on their motor
Bikes, he would not have got that terrible
accident.
From the above sentence we may conclude
that now Angga is.......
A.
Enjoying the holiday
B. Hospitalized
C.
Very tired
D.
Still at the football field
E. In
puncak
9.”How
was your test?’
“Not very good. I....... much better If I
had not misread the directions for the last section.”
A.
Might do
B.
Must have done
C.
Should do
D.
Could have done
E.
Would do
10.
A : Do you think it was Danu who broke
Vindi’s bike
B
: ........,I’m sure he would have told you.
A. If
he broke it
B.
Unless he had broken it
C.
Because he had broken it
D.
Unless he broken it
E. If
he had broken it
11.
Had he handed in the application, he........last week.
A.
Would be allowed to join the interview test.
B.
Was being allowed to join the interview test
C.
Would have been allowed to join be interview test
D. He
will have been allowed to join me interview test
E. He
was allowed to join the interview test
12.
“Did Paul get his work done?”
“He.......if computer had not broken
down.”
A. Could C. Could not
B. Could be
D. Could have E. Could
not have
13. If he took a computer course, it would be easier for him
to get a job.
This means
that........................
A. It wasn’t easy to find a good job although he had taken a
computer course.
B. He had taken a computer course, so it wasn’t difficult to
find a good job.
C. Even though he’d taken a computer course, it wasn’t easy
to find a job
D. He doesn’t take a computer course, so it isn’t easy to
find a job
E. He took a computer course so that it would be easier to
find a good job
14. Had he mentioned why he didn’t come to my party, I
wouldn’t have been so upset.
Means......
A. He came to my party, therefore, I was no upset
B. Since he came to my party, he didn’t have to explain
anything
C. Although he came to my party, I was no upset
D. He came to my party, otherwise, I would have been very
upset
E. I was upset because he didn’t explain why he didn’t come
to my parrty
15. If I had known that you were coming, I........you at the
station.
A. Willl meet D. May have meet
B. Will have meet E. Would have met
C. Will be meeting
16. If the question is easy to answer, all
student would finish it before ten.
Wat does the
underlined expression mean ?
A. The question are easy to answer
B. The question were easy to answer
C. The question are difficult to answer
D. The question were difficult to answer
E. The question had been difficult to answer
17. “ If the watchman had not fallen asleep, the thief would
not have entered the house”
Means.....
A. The thief entered the house because the watchman fell
asleep
B. The thief couldn’t enter the house because the watchman
was fully awake
C. Because the watchman was sleeping, the thief could not
enter the house
D. Since the watchman was not sleeping, the thief entered
the house
E. Although the watchman was not sleeping, the thief entered
the house
18. He is not rich, and he can’t buy the house.
This
means......
A. If he were rich, he could buy the house
B. Was he rich, he couldd buy the house
C. If only he was rich, he could buy the house
D. If he had been rich, he could have brought the house
E. If he is rich, he can buy the house
19. If someone had beaten my little sister, I........my
father
A. had told her to
B. Had told it to
C. Would have been told
D. Would have told
E. Would tell her to
20. Tono didn’t pass
his examination...........he could have passed it.
A. If he had studied harder
B. If he had benn studying harder
C. If he would have studied harder
D. If he has studied harder
E. If he has been studying harder
LATIHAN SOAL BAHASA INGGRIS TENSES UNTUK MASUK TES STAN, TOEFL DAN MASUK CPNS.
Latiha Soal Tenses
Untuk tes STAN, TOELF dan Ulangan Harian
1. “Several hotels in this region are closing down.”
“That because
tourism itself.......since last year”
A. Is declining C. Has been declining
B. Declined
D. Was declining E. Has declined
2. Erika........on her report for three days in a row
without much sleep. Thats why she looks tired.
A. Works
C. Has been wooroing
B. Is working
D. Was working E. Had
been working
3. All these years Ira’s family......poverty
A. Lived
C. Had lived
B. Has been living
D. Was Living E. Lives
4. ‘Where is Tanti?’
‘I don’t know. In
fact I......any of our friends since I arrived.
A. Did not see C. Have not seen
B. Was not seeing D. Do not see E. Had not seen
5. Dina bought a cassete player last week and she.....to
music evers since.
A. Has been
listening C. Would have
listening
B. Was listening D. Will be
listening E. Listened
6.”The anthropologist has been studying that tribe for the
last five years means: He.......that tribe.
A. Has finished studying C. Was studying
B. Studied D. Had
studied E. Is still
studying
8. “You were supossed to be here ten minutes ago. Where were
you ?
“ I............for
a place to park.”
A. Were attending B. Have attended
B. Attend D.
Attended E. Had attended
9. I.........all over the place for my dictionary when I
suddenly remembered that my sister had borrowed it.
A. haaave looked C. Am looking
B. Was looking D. Looked E. Have been looking
10. “The eartquake happening at about 3 o’clock yesterday
caused many people too panic.”
“including me,
as I........on the third floor of my office at that time”.
A. Worked C. Have been working
B. Have worked
D. Was working
E. Had worked
11. The engine.............smoothly when it suddenly stoped.
A. Runs
C. Has run
B. Running D. Was running E. Is running
12. “ I was the firts to submit my paper yesterday.”
“ You are
wrong, I..........mine before you did.”
A. Submit C. Was submitted
B. Have submitted D. Would submit E. Had submitted
13. “Tina had just watered the flowers when ali came.”
From this
sentence we may conclude that............
A. Ali did not see Tina watering the flowers.
B. Ali came at the time Tina was watering the flower.
C. Ali was watching Tina watering the flowers
D. Ali would come when Tina finished watering the flowers.
E. Ali had come before Tina watered the flower.
14. “Did Ita decide to buy that car?”
“Yes, after
she......her brother.”
A. Has consulted
C. Had consulted
B. Was consulting
D. Consults E. Is
consulting
15. ‘When did you take the academic writing course?’
‘Last year,
after I.....Composition II.’
A. Complete
C. To complete
B. Was completing
D. Have completed E. Had
completed
16. The book that I............ in the classroom was found
by Ali.
A. Had left
C. Had been leaving
B. Was leaving
D. Have left E.
Would have left
17. ASEAN tread ministers.......the possibility of develping
economic cooperation before they attended the summit meeting last month.
A. Discuss
C. Had discussed
B. Discussed
D. Were Discussing E.
Would discuss
18. The bus came after I.............. for about twenty
minutes.
A. Have been writing C. Am waiting
B. have waited D. Had been waiting E. Was waiting
19.”You train was delayed, was n’t it?’
“ Yes, therefore,
when I arrived, the driver picking me up...........for more than an hour.”
A. Waited
C. Was waiting
B. Would wait D.
Would have waited E. Had been
waiting
20. A :”The radio
says taht the most of the streets in jakarta are flooded at the moment.”
B :”I’m not suprised.
We......................so much rain for a week now.”
A. had
C. Had
B. Have had
D. Are having E. Had had